of article

* * *

* * *

* * *

* * *

ăb-hinc, temp. adv.

Of future time, henceforth, hence, hereafter (anteclass.): seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. 175 P. (Trag. Rel. p. 80 Rib.); so, aufer abhinc lacrimas. —But more usu.,

Of past time, ago, since; with acc. or abl., and the cardin. num. (except the comic poets most freq. in Cic., both in his Orations and Letters).

With acc.:

sed abhinc annos factumst sedecim,

Plaut. Cas. prol. 39; so Ter. And. 1, 1, 42; id. Hec. 5, 3, 24; id. Phorm. 5, 9, 28; cf.:

abhinc triennium,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 13:

abhinc annos quattuordecim,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 34; cf. id. Balb. 6, 16; id. Phil. 2, 46, 119; Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 36 al.—

With abl.:

qui abhinc sexaginta annis occisus foret,

Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 63; so,

abhinc annis xv.,

Cic. Rosc. Com. 13:

comitiis jam abhinc diebus triginta factis,

thirty days ago, id. Verr. 2, 2, 52 fin. In Lucr. 3, 967: aufer abhinc lacrimas, it is prob. only a fuller expression for hinc, as in Plaut. Pers. 5, 2, 19: jurgium hinc auferas, since there is no other example where abhinc is used of place. Vid. upon this article, Hand, Turs. 1, 63-66.

artĭcŭlāris, e, adj. [articulus].

Pertaining to the joints (v. articulus, I.):

morbus,

gout, Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 195; Suet. Galb. 21; Scrib. Comp. 101.—

In gram., like the article (v. articulus, II. A. fin.):

pronomen, i. e. hic, iste,

Prisc. p. 938 P.; 574 P.; Serv. p. 1785 P.

artĭcŭlus, i, m. dim. [2. artus], a small member connecting various parts of the body, a joint, knot, knuckle.

A.. Lit.:

nodi corporum, qui vocantur articuli,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 217:

hominis digiti articulos habent ternos, pollex binos,

id. 11, 43, 99, § 244:

summus caudae articulus,

id. 8, 41, 63, § 153 al.:

crura sine nodis articulisque,

Caes. B. G. 6, 27:

ipso in articulo, quo jungitur capiti cervix,

Liv. 27, 49:

auxerat articulos macies,

i. e. had made more joints, had made the bones visible, Ov. M. 8, 807:

articulorum dolores habere,

i. e. gouty pains, Cic. Att. 1, 5 fin.; cf. Cels. 5, 18: postquam illi justa cheragra Contudit articulos, * Hor. S. 2, 7, 16; cf. Pers. 5, 58:

gladiatorem vehementis impetus excipit adversarii mollis articulus,

Quint. 2, 12, 2.—Hence, molli articulo tractare aliquem, to touch one gently, softly, Quint. 11, 2, 70.—Of plants:

ineunte vere in iis (vitibus), quae relicta sunt, exsistit, tamquam ad articulos sarmentorum, ea quae gemma dicitur,

Cic. Sen. 15, 53; Plin. 16, 24, 36, § 88:

ante quam seges in articulum eat,

Col. 2, 11, 9; so Plin. 18, 17, 45, § 159. —Of mountains, a hill connecting several larger mountains:

montium articuli,

Plin. 37, 13, 77, § 201.—

With an extension of the idea, a limb, member, in gen. (cf. 2. artus), * Lucr. 3, 697.—Hence also for a finger, Prop. 2, 34, 80; so Ov. H. 10, 140; id. P. 2, 3, 18:

quot manus atteruntur, ut unus niteat articulus!

Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 158:

ab eo missus est articulus manūs,

Vulg. Dan. 5, 24:

aspiciebat articulos manūs,

ib. ib. 5, 5: erexit me super articulos manuum mearum, on the fingers or palms of my hands, ib. ib. 10, 10. —

Trop.

Of discourse, a member, part, division: articulus dicitur, cum singula verba intervallis distinguuntur caesā oratione, hoc modo: acrimoniā, voce, vultu adversarios perterruisti, Auct. ad Her. 4, 19: continuatio verborum soluta multo est aptior atque jucundior, si est articulis membrisque (kommasi kai kôlois) distincta, quam si continuata ac producta, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186: (genus orationis) fluctuans et dissolutum eo quod sine nervis et articulis fluctuat huc et illuc, Auct. ad Her. 4, 11.—

Hence,

a short clause, Dig. 36, 1, 27;

also,

a single word, ib. 35, 1, 4:

articulus Est praesentis temporis demonstrationem continet,

ib. 34, 2, 35:

hoc articulo Quisque omnes significantur,

ib. 28, 5, 29.—In gram. the pronn. hic and quis, Varr. L. L. 8, § 45 Müll.; the article, Quint. 1, 4, 19.—

Of time.

A point of time, a moment:

commoditatis omnes articulos scio,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 31.—With tempus:

qui hunc in summas angustias adductum putaret, ut eum suis conditionibus in ipso articulo temporis astringeret,

at the most critical moment, Cic. Quinct. 5, 19:

in ipsis quos dixi temporum articulis,

Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216: si de singulis articulis [p. 168] temporum deliberabimus, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4;

also without tempus: in ipso articulo,

at the fit moment, at the nick of time, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 21.—With dies:

in articulo diei illius ingressus est,

on that very day, Vulg. Gen. 7, 13.—And with res:

in articulo rerum,

Curt. 3, 5; also in articulo, instantly, immediately, = statim, Cod. Just. 1, 33, 3.—Hence with the idea extended,

A space, division of time:

hi cardines singulis articulis dividuntur,

Plin. 18, 25, 59, § 222:

octo articuli lunae,

id. 18, 35, 79, § 350: articulus austrinus, i. e. in which auster blows, id. 17, 2, 2, § 11.—

Of other abstract things, part, division, point: per eosdem articulos (i.e. per easdem honorum partes) et gradus producere, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4:

stationes in mediis latitudinum articulis, quae vocant ecliptica,

Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68; Dig. 1, 3, 12:

ventum est ergo ad ipsum articulum causae, i. e. ventum ad rei cardinem,

the turning-point, Arn. 7, p. 243.

auctĭo, ōnis, f. [augeo].

An increasing, increase, auxêsis:

auctio frumenti et tributorum,

Tac. Agr. 19:

dierum,

Macr. S. 1, 14: rerum crescentium, Paul. ex Fest. p. 17 Müll.—

A sale by increase of bids, a public sale, auction. Auctions were held either in an open place, or in particular rooms or halls, called atria auctionaria (v. auctionarius), or simply atria (Juv. 7, 7). There was a spear (hasta) set up therein, as the legal sign of the sale, like our red flag; the price was called out by a crier (praeco), and the article sold was adjudged to the highest bidder by the magistrate who was present. A money-broker (argentarius) was also present to note down the price and receive the money or security for it;

v. Smith, Dict. Antiq. (this is the class. signif. of the word): auctionem facere,

Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 91 -94; so id. Poen. 1, 3, 2; 5, 6, 27; id. Stich. 2, 2, 60; Cic. Quinct. 4; id. Att. 12, 3 al.:

Dicam auctionis causam, ut animo gaudeant, Ipse egomet quam ob rem auctionem praedicem,

announce, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 55; so,

auctionis diem obire,

Cic. Att. 13, 14:

proscribere,

id. ib. 13, 37;

and proponere,

Quint. 6, 3, 99:

proferre,

to defer, adjourn, Cic. Att. 13, 13: amplissima praedia ex auctionibus hastae minimo addixit, by the sales of the spear, i. e. by auctions (v. supra), Suet. Caes. 50 (cf.:

praebere caput dominā venale sub hastā,

Juv. 3, 33):

auctio hereditaria constituta,

Cic. Caecin. 5:

auctionis tabula,

id. Agr. 2, 25 (v. auctionalis):

auctio fortunae regiae,

Liv. 2, 14:

vendere aliquid in auctione,

by auction, Plin. 29, 4, 30, § 96:

res in auctione venit,

Gai. 4, 126:

ex auctione rem emere,

Dig. 31, 4, 2, § 8:

auctionem dimittere,

Quint. 11, 2, 24. —

Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), goods to be sold by auction:

cum auctionem venderet,

Cic. Quinct. 5, 19 (B. and K.; others, auctione).

com-mercĭum ( con-m-; ante-class.; sometimes ‡ commircĭum; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2236 P.), ii, n. [merx].

Commercial intercourse, trade, traffic, commerce:

mare magnum et ignara lingua commercia prohibebant,

Sall. J. 18, 5; Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 7; Plin. Pan. 29; Tac. Agr. 24; Liv. 4, 52, 6:

salis,

id. 45, 29, 13:

commercium hominum in locum aliquem mutui usus contrahunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erunt,

id. 40, 58, 1:

jus commercii,

Dig. 49, 5, 6.—

Meton.

The right to trade as merchants, a mercantile right:

commercium in eo agro nemini est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 40, § 93; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 50, §

124: L. Crasso commercium istarum rerum cum Graecis hominibus non fuisse,

id. ib. 2, 4, 59, §

133: ceteris Latinis populis conubia commerciaque et concilia inter se ademerunt,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 43, 5, 9; cf. Dig. 41, 1, 62; 30, 1, 39; 45, 1, 34.—

An article of traffic, merchandise, wares:

commercia militaria,

Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 168; for provisions, id. 26, 4, 9, § 18; cf. Front. 2, 5, 14.—

A place of trade, market - place:

commercia et litora peragrare,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 58.—

In gen., intercourse, communication, correspondence, fellowship; lit. and trop.:

quid tibi mecum est commerci, senex?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 4; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 9; id. Stich. 4, 1, 15:

mihi cum vostris legibus Nihil est commerci,

I have nothing to do with your laws, id. Rud. 3, 4, 20:

commercium habere cum Musis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

commercium habere cum virtute,

id. Sen. 12, 42:

dandi et excipiendi beneficii,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3:

agrorum aedificiorumque inter se,

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

plebis,

with them, id. 5, 3, 8; 41, 24, 16:

linguae,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 35; Liv. 1, 18, 3; 9, 36, 6; 25, 33, 3:

sermonis,

id. 5, 15, 5; cf.:

loquendi audiendique,

Tac. Agr. 2 fin.:

commercia epistularum,

Vell. 2, 65, 1:

hoc inter nos epistularum commercium frequentare,

Sen. Ep. 38, 1:

communium studiorum,

Suet. Claud. 42:

sortis humanae,

Tac. A. 6, 19:

belli,

stipulation, treaty, id. ib. 14, 33:

belli tollere,

Verg. A. 10, 532; so,

belli dirimere,

Tac. H. 3, 81.— Plur.:

est deus in nobis, et sunt commercia caeli,

Ov. A. A. 3, 549.—

Esp., forbidden intercourse, illicit commerce:

libidinis,

Val. Max. 8, 2, 2:

stupri,

Suet. Calig. 36.— Absol.:

cum eā mihi fuit commercium,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 77.—

In law, = collusio, Cod. Th. 3, 11, 4; cf. ib. 11, 4, 1 al.

com-mercĭum ( con-m-; ante-class.; sometimes ‡ commircĭum; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2236 P.), ii, n. [merx].

Commercial intercourse, trade, traffic, commerce:

mare magnum et ignara lingua commercia prohibebant,

Sall. J. 18, 5; Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 7; Plin. Pan. 29; Tac. Agr. 24; Liv. 4, 52, 6:

salis,

id. 45, 29, 13:

commercium hominum in locum aliquem mutui usus contrahunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erunt,

id. 40, 58, 1:

jus commercii,

Dig. 49, 5, 6.—

Meton.

The right to trade as merchants, a mercantile right:

commercium in eo agro nemini est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 40, § 93; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 50, §

124: L. Crasso commercium istarum rerum cum Graecis hominibus non fuisse,

id. ib. 2, 4, 59, §

133: ceteris Latinis populis conubia commerciaque et concilia inter se ademerunt,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 43, 5, 9; cf. Dig. 41, 1, 62; 30, 1, 39; 45, 1, 34.—

An article of traffic, merchandise, wares:

commercia militaria,

Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 168; for provisions, id. 26, 4, 9, § 18; cf. Front. 2, 5, 14.—

A place of trade, market - place:

commercia et litora peragrare,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 58.—

In gen., intercourse, communication, correspondence, fellowship; lit. and trop.:

quid tibi mecum est commerci, senex?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 4; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 9; id. Stich. 4, 1, 15:

mihi cum vostris legibus Nihil est commerci,

I have nothing to do with your laws, id. Rud. 3, 4, 20:

commercium habere cum Musis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

commercium habere cum virtute,

id. Sen. 12, 42:

dandi et excipiendi beneficii,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3:

agrorum aedificiorumque inter se,

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

plebis,

with them, id. 5, 3, 8; 41, 24, 16:

linguae,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 35; Liv. 1, 18, 3; 9, 36, 6; 25, 33, 3:

sermonis,

id. 5, 15, 5; cf.:

loquendi audiendique,

Tac. Agr. 2 fin.:

commercia epistularum,

Vell. 2, 65, 1:

hoc inter nos epistularum commercium frequentare,

Sen. Ep. 38, 1:

communium studiorum,

Suet. Claud. 42:

sortis humanae,

Tac. A. 6, 19:

belli,

stipulation, treaty, id. ib. 14, 33:

belli tollere,

Verg. A. 10, 532; so,

belli dirimere,

Tac. H. 3, 81.— Plur.:

est deus in nobis, et sunt commercia caeli,

Ov. A. A. 3, 549.—

Esp., forbidden intercourse, illicit commerce:

libidinis,

Val. Max. 8, 2, 2:

stupri,

Suet. Calig. 36.— Absol.:

cum eā mihi fuit commercium,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 77.—

In law, = collusio, Cod. Th. 3, 11, 4; cf. ib. 11, 4, 1 al.

com-mercĭum ( con-m-; ante-class.; sometimes ‡ commircĭum; cf. Vel. Long. p. 2236 P.), ii, n. [merx].

Commercial intercourse, trade, traffic, commerce:

mare magnum et ignara lingua commercia prohibebant,

Sall. J. 18, 5; Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 7; Plin. Pan. 29; Tac. Agr. 24; Liv. 4, 52, 6:

salis,

id. 45, 29, 13:

commercium hominum in locum aliquem mutui usus contrahunt,

id. 38, 18, 12:

neque Thraces commercio faciles erunt,

id. 40, 58, 1:

jus commercii,

Dig. 49, 5, 6.—

Meton.

The right to trade as merchants, a mercantile right:

commercium in eo agro nemini est,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 40, § 93; cf. id. ib. 2, 2, 50, §

124: L. Crasso commercium istarum rerum cum Graecis hominibus non fuisse,

id. ib. 2, 4, 59, §

133: ceteris Latinis populis conubia commerciaque et concilia inter se ademerunt,

Liv. 8, 14, 10; 43, 5, 9; cf. Dig. 41, 1, 62; 30, 1, 39; 45, 1, 34.—

An article of traffic, merchandise, wares:

commercia militaria,

Plin. 35, 13, 47, § 168; for provisions, id. 26, 4, 9, § 18; cf. Front. 2, 5, 14.—

A place of trade, market - place:

commercia et litora peragrare,

Plin. 37, 3, 11, § 45; Claud. in Eutr. 1, 58.—

In gen., intercourse, communication, correspondence, fellowship; lit. and trop.:

quid tibi mecum est commerci, senex?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 4; id. Bacch. 1, 2, 9; id. Stich. 4, 1, 15:

mihi cum vostris legibus Nihil est commerci,

I have nothing to do with your laws, id. Rud. 3, 4, 20:

commercium habere cum Musis,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:

commercium habere cum virtute,

id. Sen. 12, 42:

dandi et excipiendi beneficii,

Val. Max. 5, 3, ext. 3:

agrorum aedificiorumque inter se,

Liv. 45, 29, 10:

plebis,

with them, id. 5, 3, 8; 41, 24, 16:

linguae,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 35; Liv. 1, 18, 3; 9, 36, 6; 25, 33, 3:

sermonis,

id. 5, 15, 5; cf.:

loquendi audiendique,

Tac. Agr. 2 fin.:

commercia epistularum,

Vell. 2, 65, 1:

hoc inter nos epistularum commercium frequentare,

Sen. Ep. 38, 1:

communium studiorum,

Suet. Claud. 42:

sortis humanae,

Tac. A. 6, 19:

belli,

stipulation, treaty, id. ib. 14, 33:

belli tollere,

Verg. A. 10, 532; so,

belli dirimere,

Tac. H. 3, 81.— Plur.:

est deus in nobis, et sunt commercia caeli,

Ov. A. A. 3, 549.—

Esp., forbidden intercourse, illicit commerce:

libidinis,

Val. Max. 8, 2, 2:

stupri,

Suet. Calig. 36.— Absol.:

cum eā mihi fuit commercium,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 77.—

In law, = collusio, Cod. Th. 3, 11, 4; cf. ib. 11, 4, 1 al.

ĕbur, ŏris (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 22 sq.), n. [Copt. ebu; cf. Sanscr. ibhas, elephant; whence Gr. elephas, Semit. article el being prefixed], ivory.

Prop., Cic. Leg. 2, 18; id. Brut. 73 fin.; id. Par. 1, 3; Quint. 2, 21, 9; Verg. G. 1, 57; id. A. 10, 137; 12, 68; Hor. C. 1, 31, 6; id. Ep. 2, 1, 96 et saep.—Prov.: ebur atramento candefacere, v. atramentum.—

Meton.

Things made of ivory. So of statues, Verg. G. 1, 480; Ov. M. 15, 792;

of the tibia,

Verg. G. 2, 193;

of a scabbard,

Ov. M. 4, 148;

of the sella curulis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 54; Ov. F. 5, 51; id. Pont. 4, 5, 18.—

An elephant, Juv. 12, 112.

ēlectrum, i, n., = êlektron.

Amber (pure Lat. succinum), Plin. 37, 2, 11, § 31; Ov. M. 15, 316.— Plur., Verg. E. 8, 54. —

Meton., an amber ball, carried by Roman ladies in their hands to keep them cool.— Plur., Ov. M. 2, 365; cf. Böttig. Sabina, II. p. 210.—

A mixed metal (natural or artificial) resembling amber in color, Plin. 33, 4, 23, § 81 al.; Isid. Orig. 16, 24, 2; Verg. A. 8, 402; 624; Sil. 1, 229.—

Meton., an article made of amber, Mart. 8, 51; Juv. 14, 307.

emptĭo ( emt-), ōnis, f. [id.], a buying, purchase (cf.: sectio, mercatura, etc.).

Prop., Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 5; 2, 3, 5; Cic. Caecin. 6, 17; id. Att. 12, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; Tac. H. 3, 34 et saep.; cf.

, on its legal relations,

Gai. Inst. 3, 139;

the title: De emptione et venditione,

Just. Inst. 3, 23; Dig. 18, 1; and Rein's Privatr. p. 329 sq.: equina, i. e. of horses (with boum and asinorum), Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 6.—

Transf.

A purchase, i. e. an article purchased:

ex illis emptionibus nullam desidero,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 15, 1.—

A purchase-deed, bill of sale, Dig. 32, 1, 102 al.

emptĭo ( emt-), ōnis, f. [id.], a buying, purchase (cf.: sectio, mercatura, etc.).

Prop., Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 5; 2, 3, 5; Cic. Caecin. 6, 17; id. Att. 12, 3; Plin. 33, 3, 13, § 43; Tac. H. 3, 34 et saep.; cf.

, on its legal relations,

Gai. Inst. 3, 139;

the title: De emptione et venditione,

Just. Inst. 3, 23; Dig. 18, 1; and Rein's Privatr. p. 329 sq.: equina, i. e. of horses (with boum and asinorum), Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 6.—

Transf.

A purchase, i. e. an article purchased:

ex illis emptionibus nullam desidero,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 2; Plin. Ep. 2, 15, 1.—

A purchase-deed, bill of sale, Dig. 32, 1, 102 al.